Why Not a Caliphate?

When ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) yesterday proclaimed The Islamic State and his leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi caliph, both the Muslim world and non-Muslim world incredulously shook of their heads. What a charade. What kind of fellow Abu Bakr actually is has Juan Cole summarized on his blog.

In Christianity, Caliphate is traditionally connoted with fear and horror. But one should not forget that the Abbasid Caliphs (as Cole outlines, the only Caliphate in Muslim history with at least some legitimacy and authority) had saved science and even civilization for about half a millenium, from 750 to 1258 CE when Baghdad was sacked by the Mongol Hulagu Khan.

Sometimes compared with Christian Protestants who do not need a papal leader, I would compare Sunnis rather with Catholics who are not a sect (as Shi’ites are) but claim to represent the only legitimate church.

Why is a Caliphate such a ridiculous idea in the 21st century? (Abu Bakr’s is, of course). Maybe Muslims would actually benefit from a spiritual leader which could be elected in a sort of conclave. For agnostics, the whole procedure is of course rather foolish. But the institution and especially the theatrical procedure of the Pope’s election has definitely proven to be able to unite in a way the 2.2 billion Christians, protestants and other sects included.

So, why not elect a Muslim pope? (Not Abu Bakr, of course.)

30 June 2014 @ 5:13 pm.
Last modified June 30, 2014.

 

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Praying and Fasting in Northern Norway

These days I have met several non-Muslims who wonder how Muslims pray and fast during the holy month of Ramadan when living beyond the Arctic Circle. Two years ago, SaudiAramco World had published an article about the pretty large Muslim community in my city, Tromsø in Northern Norway, 69 degrees north latitude. There are two months in summer when the sun is not setting at all, and dusk or dawn (which are relevant for determination of prayer times) won’t be distinguishable for another month. The last time Ramadan was celebrated in July was 33 years ago, 1981. The first Muslims settled in Tromsø in 1986 when 1 Ramadan was end of August and sunset was late but at least happened. In fact, September and October are usually the most normal months here in the north with day and night quite similar as in other places in the world. In the meantime, about 1000 Muslims have arrived. The largest group consists of Moroccans.

But back to the question when to pray. Sandra Maryam Moe, a Norwegian convert who is married to a Palestinian, asked even for professional advice.

“We finally asked a shaykh in Saudi Arabia, and he gave us a fatwa [instruction] with three choices: Follow the timetable of Makkah, follow the timetable of the nearest city that does have a sunrise or sunset, or estimate the time and set a fixed schedule. We decided to follow Makkah for the part of Ramadan that falls under the Midnight Sun or Polar Nights, and then, for the other times, we follow our own sun.”

Well, converts are said to be especially zealous. I’m quite sure that the issue is none for the majority of Muslims here. They have understood that God Almighty may just have overlooked the possibility that anyone would dare to settle in this remote corner of the world. And since He is merciful he certainly shall have sympathy for His creation making the best of the situation.

Ramadan Kareem.

29 June 2014 @ 3:46 pm.
Last modified June 29, 2014.
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Chelsea Manning Speaks Out On Al-Maliki and Embedded Journalism

Nuri al-Maliki, still Iraq’s current Prime Minister, one of these U.S. American puppets in the Middle East, is to a large part responsible for the sectarian violence in his country in recent years en before rise of ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria). The corrupt Shi’ite politician has long returned to Saddam’s police state tactics including torture and extrajudicial killings.

From Fort Leavenworth in Kansas, where she serves a 35-yr sentence for the largest leak of classified information before Edward Snowden, among other documents the Iraq and Afghanistan War Logs, the Diplomatic Cables, the Collateral Murder Video, Chelsea Manning has spoken out, in the wake of just another military adventure of the U.S administration, on Maliki, who had been re-elected when she was stationed near Baghdad in 2010. In a rare op-ed in the New York Times yesterday, Manning notes (and it worthwhile quoting her at length),

“If you were following the news during the March 2010 elections in Iraq [when Maliki was e-elected], you might remember that the American press was flooded with stories declaring the elections a success, complete with upbeat anecdotes and photographs of Iraqi women proudly displaying their ink-stained fingers. The subtext was that United States military operations had succeeded in creating a stable and democratic Iraq.

Those of us stationed there were acutely aware of a more complicated reality.

Military and diplomatic reports coming across my desk detailed a brutal crackdown against political dissidents by the Iraqi Ministry of Interior and federal police, on behalf of Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki.  Detainees were often tortured, or even killed.

Early that year, I received orders to investigate 15 individuals whom the federal police had arrested on suspicion of printing “anti-Iraqi literature.” I learned that these individuals had absolutely no ties to terrorism; they were publishing a scholarly critique of Mr. Maliki’s administration. I forwarded this finding to the officer in command in eastern Baghdad. He responded that he didn’t need this information; instead, I should assist the federal police in locating more “anti-Iraqi” print shops.

I was shocked by our military’s complicity in the corruption of that election. Yet these deeply troubling details flew under the American media’s radar.

It was not the first (or the last) time I felt compelled to question the way we conducted our mission in Iraq. We intelligence analysts, and the officers to whom we reported, had access to a comprehensive overview of the war that few others had. How could top-level decision makers say that the American public, or even Congress, supported the conflict when they didn’t have half the story?”

Manning continues analyzing the reason for what she calls the Fog Machine of War.

“One clue to this disjunction lay in the public affairs reports. Near the top of each briefing was the number of embedded journalists attached to American military units in a combat zone. Throughout my deployment, I never saw that tally go above 12. In other words, in all of Iraq, which contained 31 million people and 117,000 United States troops, no more than a dozen American journalists were covering military operations.”

In other words, a few “embedded” journalists who had been carefully vetted, even handpicked, to conform with the “ground rules agreement” had to report to the public what they were told by the officers on the ground. Those who did not conform, were dismissed (like late Michael Hastings who had written for the Rolling Stone and had reported on former General Stanley McCrystal’s criticism of the Obama Administration). If dismissed formerly embedded reporters are, according to Manning, blacklisted.

While the two wars in Afghanistan and, in particular, Iraq had only been possible by largely manipulating the public, President Obama’s foreign policy/war record so far is rather confusing. As usual,  he is “looking at all options” to assist the corrupt regime in Baghdad, strangely enough now even seeking help from arch enemy Iran. What makes his presidency so special, though, is his relentless war on whistle-blowers and journalists who publish classified material.

At the outset of his op-ed, Manning writes, “I believe that the current limits on press freedom and excessive government secrecy make it impossible for Americans to grasp fully what is happening in the wars we finance.”

16 June 2014 @ 5:01 pm.
Last modified June 16, 2014.
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Nobody Cares

Surveillance in the 1970s. Assassin Jonathan (Bruno Ganz) in Wim Wender’s Der Amerikanische Freund (1977) is being watched by numerous surveillance cameras in a metro station in Paris. But nobody seems to care when he shoots his prey. Go to 8:00 min and see yourself.

Patricia Highsmith, who wrote the fictional setting (Ripley’s Game, 1974) knew that you may get away with murder although leaving plenty of evidence behind (that applies actually only to arch villain Tom Ripley; terminally ill Jonathan soon demises: of leukemia and distress in Wender’s movie, in a shootout in Highsmith’s novel).

In the ongoing, even after one year, NSA scandal, which has alerted people around the world of Orwell’s Big Brother and Jeremy Benthem’s Panopticon, one important question has not really been answered. Mass surveillance has not, so we learned, prevented a single terrorist attack after 9-11. As has been argued by Glenn Greenwald (and furiously rejected by, well, former NSA and CIA director General Michael Hayden), that’s why 9-11 must be regarded just a pretext for a greater aim: the surveillance state. But what about criminal plots? Is the NSA involved at least in crime detection? Is anybody looking at what surveillance cameras record? Does anybody care?

We have to wait until Greenwald reports, as promised, on real people in America and around the world who have been real NSA targets. Maybe (and hopefully) the list will include not only burglars and serial killers but also tax fugitives, Wallstreet banksters, sex offenders.

7 June 2014 @ 8:53 pm.
Last modified June 7, 2014.
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Bowe Bergdahl, Daniel Pearl, Nick Berg

Modified 14 September 2014, see below.

When watching the video which has been released by the Haqqani group showing the handover of Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl to U.S. Special Forces after five years in captivity on 31 May, I am much relieved. In the video, Bergdahl seems to tremble with fear apparently uncertain whether he would be killed in the last moments of his liberation. He must have endured hell on earth. The Daily Beast knows that Bergdahl had tried in 2012 a second time (after the fall of 2011) to escape from his tormentors. He even made it to a village in Pakistan where the villagers handed him over to his captors. “Don’t come back to Afghanistan”, the footage says.

Bergdahl reminds me of Daniel Pearl, the American journalist who was kidnapped in Karachi on 23 January 2002 and killed nine days later on camera by severing his head from his body. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the Kuwaiti “architect” of the 9-11 attacks, had confessed that he had personally beheaded Daniel Pearl. Well, after having been waterboarded 183 times at Gitmo.

I remember with extreme disgust when an Egyptian colleague at Kuwait University wanted to teach me (a Westerner) a lesson in May 2004, after the Abu Ghuraib scandal had been revealed, by forcing me to watch a video of Nick Berg’s beheading, the first to be killed on camera by then called al-Qaeda in Iraq, in the Faculty’s lounge, sort of pornograhic Islamist terrorism.

Bergdahl is currently in Germany, in a U.S. Army military hospital in Landshut.

7 June 2014 @ 8:01 pm.
Last modified September 14, 2014. After reading a blog post by Juan Cole today I noted that I had been forced to see Nick Berg’s beheading, not Daniel Pearl’s.
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